Lutein and Zeaxanthin are the two major components of the macular pigment of the retina. The macula lutea or "yellow spot" in the retina is responsible for central vision and visual acuity. Lutein and Zeaxanthin are the only carotenoids found in both the macula and lens of the human eye, and have dual functions in both tissues - to act as powerful antioxidants and to filter high-energy blue light. Alpha Lipoic acid is both water soluble and fat-soluble, it can get deep into the eye tissues and destroy free radicals that cause protein changes resulting in cataracts. Astaxanthin crosses the blood retinal barrier and can exert antioxidant effects to stop retinal destruction by staving off light induced oxidation and protect photoreceptors from degeneration. Zinc is important for vision because high levels of the mineral are found in the macula, part of the retina. Zinc enables vitamin A to create a pigment called melanin, which protects the eye. Studies show that Zinc can improve night vision.
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